新修订的《公司法》于2024年7月1日正式生效。本次修订引入了多项实质性变更,其中包括与企业社会责任(CSR)相关的详细规定。这些规定不仅体现在法律规定中,其实际应用也具有重要意义,值得读者关注。
1、新《公司法》中关于企业社会责任条款的概述
在2024年公司法修订的主要变化中,第20条作为企业社会责任(CSR)的核心条款尤为重要。该条款要求公司在经营活动中考虑利益相关者(如员工和消费者)的利益以及更广泛的公共利益(如环境保护)。此外,还鼓励公司参与公益事业并披露企业社会责任报告。
其他两条重要条款也为企业社会责任框架提供支持:
第19条强调公司需遵守法律并恪守商业道德,同时接受政府和公众的监督。第180条明确了董事、监事及高级管理人员的忠实与勤勉义务。他们必须避免利益冲突,维护公司整体利益,审慎管理公司事务。这些责任还延伸至控股股东或实际控制人,即使他们并未担任公司正式职务。
2. 新《公司法》的法律意义
乍一看,这些条款似乎并非强制性规定。那么,它们为何重要?以下四点突显了新修订的公司法在企业社会责任方面的意义。
a. 为所有公司的企业社会责任报告提供法律依据
行政机关在规定强制性义务时,需要更高级别的法律支持。在没有法律要求的情况下,公司可能缺乏披露企业社会责任活动的动力。第20条现已将企业社会责任报告义务扩展至所有公司,而不仅仅是上市公司。尽管尚未强制执行,该法条比单纯的道德义务提供了更坚实的CSR合规依据,首次为公司考虑股东以外的利益相关方建立了法律基础。
b. 平衡“三类利益”:私人利益、利益相关者利益和公共利益
第20条引入了平衡这三种利益的概念:私人利益(股东和投资者)、利益相关者利益(员工、供应商、消费者,甚至竞争对手)以及公共利益(如环境保护、可再生能源利用和污染防治)。
面临的挑战是,投资公共福利是否会损害私益,从而可能导致违反忠实义务。如果公司管理层优先考虑股东价值最大化,那么将资源投资于利益相关者或公共利益就可能违反忠实义务。第180条通过明确忠实义务的对象,解决了这一问题。第180条列举了多项忠实义务,其中包括忠诚义务,要求关注公司的整体最佳利益,而不仅仅是股东的利益。
3. 如何应对最新《公司法》的变化及其对企业社会责任的影响
a. 为制作和披露企业社会责任报告做好准备
虽然全面实施可能不会立刻展开,但根据当前趋势,随着政策和市场驱动力的发展,未发布企业社会责任报告的公司可能会面临负面影响。
b. 全面规划企业社会责任工作
有些公司由于行业规定或政府要求,可能已经在准备企业社会责任报告。在编写报告的早期阶段,建议认真选择适用的标准(建立评估体系并确保其有效性),全面、积极地进行规划。
c. 确保企业社会责任内部政策和制度的一致性
企业社会责任不应局限于单一部门,而必须整合所有相关部门。必须建立相关制度,确保各部门之间进行有效、持续的沟通。
d. 明确董事会的权责
鉴于前面讨论的公司治理,董事会及其董事的权力和责任必须得到适当体现。此外,治理措施必须明确涉及风险管理、内部控制、审计和合规程序。
总体而言,最新修订的《公司法》为企业履行社会责任提供了明确的指导和有力的支持。展望未来,企业可以从上述的四个方面入手,积极主动地将企业社会责任的法律要求转化为具体的商业行动。
The Impact Of The 2024 Updates To China’s Company Law On Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
The newly revised Company Law of the People’s Republic of China came into effect on July 1, 2024. This revision introduced several substantive changes, including detailed provisions related to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). These regulations are not only reflected in the legal text but are also noteworthy in their practical application, which readers should consider.
1. Overview of CSR Provisions in the revised Company Law
Among the key changes in the 2024 updates to the Company Law, Article 20 stands out as central to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). It mandates that companies consider the interests of stakeholders (such as employees and consumers) and broader public interests (like environmental protection) in their business activities. Additionally, companies are encouraged to engage in public welfare initiatives and disclose CSR reports.
Two other significant provisions also contribute to the CSR framework:
Article 19 emphasizes the need for companies to comply with laws and uphold ethical business practices, while remaining accountable to both government and public supervision. Article 180 specifies the duties of loyalty and diligence for directors, supervisors, and senior management. They must avoid conflicts of interest, act in the best interest of the company, and manage company affairs with care. These responsibilities extend to controlling shareholders or actual controllers, even if they do not hold formal positions within the company.
2. The Legal Significance of the Revised Company Law
At first glance, these provisions may seem non-mandatory. So, why are they important? Four key points highlight the significance of the revised Company Law in relation to CSR.
a. Providing a Legal Basis for CSR Reporting by All Companies
For authorities to impose mandatory obligations, they need a higher-level legal foundation. Without legal requirements, companies may lack the motivation to disclose CSR activities. Article 20 now extends CSR reporting obligations to all companies, not just listed companies. While not mandatory, this law provides a firmer basis for CSR compliance than moral obligations alone, establishing for the first time a legal foundation for companies to consider stakeholders beyond just shareholders.
b. The “Three Interests” Framework: Private, Stakeholder, and Public Interests
Article 20 introduces the concept of balancing three types of interests: private interests (shareholders and investors), stakeholders (employees, suppliers, consumers, and even competitors), and public interests (environmental protection, renewable energy use, and pollution prevention).
A traditional challenge is whether investments in public interests might conflict with private interests, potentially leading to breaches of fiduciary duty. When a company focuses on maximizing shareholder value, allocating resources to stakeholders or public interests could be seen as a violation of this duty. Article 180 clarifies this issue by defining to whom the fiduciary duty is owed. Article 180 outlines several fiduciary duties, including the duty of loyalty, which requires a focus on the company’s overall best interests, not just those of the shareholders.
3. Responding to the Changes and their Impact on CSR
a. Prepare for CSR Reporting Requirements
While full enforcement may not occur immediately, based on current trends, companies that fail to issue CSR reports could stand out negatively as policy and market drivers evolve.
b. Plan CSR Efforts Holistically
Some companies, due to industry regulations or government directives, may already be preparing CSR reports. At the outset, it is crucial to select appropriate standards (establishing an effective evaluation system) and develop a comprehensive CSR strategy
c. Align Internal CSR Policies and Systems
CSR should not be confined to a single department; it must be integrated across all relevant departments. Systems should be established to ensure continuous and effective communication between departments.
d. Clarify the Authority of the Board of Directors
In light of the corporate governance framework discussed earlier, the powers and responsibilities of the board and its directors must be clearly outlined. Additionally, governance measures should address risk management, internal controls, audits, and compliance processes.
In summary, the revised Company Law provides clear guidance and strong support
for CSR implementation. Moving forward, companies can adopt a proactive approach by focusing on these four areas, turning legal CSR requirements into tangible business actions.
本文原刊发表 GAIL Asia Pacific Impact Lawyers Journal ISSUE 4 ● DECEMBER 2024
本文撰写专家:
林文漪 (上海复观律师事务所创始合伙人、全球影响力律师联盟GAIL亚太区理事、中国执业律师和美国加州执业律师)